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The Farman F.168 was a French twin-engine biplane developed in the late 1920s by Farman Aviation Works, a pioneer in early aviation. Designed specifically as a naval torpedo bomber, the F.168 played a key role in advancing maritime aviation for the French Navy during the interwar period. Though eventually overshadowed by more modern designs, the F.168 stood as a significant transitional aircraft that bridged the gap between World War I-era biplanes and more capable monoplane bombers of the 1930s.

The F.168 was based on the earlier Farman Goliath Trang chủ F168 design, which was initially developed as a civil transport aircraft. The military adaptation saw the addition of reinforced structures, provisions for torpedoes or bombs, and modifications for naval use. Its robust biplane structure featured a large wingspan of 26.25 meters and a length of 15.18 meters, allowing it to accommodate a sizable crew and heavy ordnance. The aircraft could carry up to 1,000 kilograms of bombs or a single naval torpedo under the fuselage, making it well-suited for anti-ship missions.

The aircraft was powered by two Gnome-Rhône 9Akx radial engines, each delivering 480 horsepower. This powerplant configuration gave the F.168 a maximum speed of approximately 174 kilometers per hour and an operational range of around 800 kilometers. While not particularly fast or agile, the aircraft was designed for endurance and payload capacity rather than speed, focusing on long-range missions over water. Its service ceiling reached 5,000 meters, which was sufficient for the low- to medium-altitude roles it was intended to fulfill.

One of the defining features of the Farman F.168 was its versatility. It could be outfitted with wheels for conventional land operations or floats for use as a seaplane. This capability allowed it to operate from both shore-based facilities and naval platforms, greatly increasing its strategic value. Float-equipped variants such as the F.165 and F.167 were particularly important for naval patrols and torpedo missions launched from remote maritime locations or seaplane tenders.

Defensively, the F.168 was armed with several machine guns. These included a twin-mounted Lewis machine gun in the nose and another in the dorsal position, offering limited protection against enemy aircraft. The primary focus of the aircraft, however, was offensive action, particularly the delivery of torpedoes against enemy ships — a role that became increasingly vital as navies around the world embraced air power as part of their tactical doctrine.

Approximately 200 units of the F.168 and its various floatplane and landplane derivatives were built. The aircraft served throughout the 1930s in the French Navy but was gradually phased out as more advanced monoplanes with superior performance and armament entered service.

In conclusion, the Farman F.168 was a noteworthy aircraft in the evolution of naval aviation. Although it lacked the speed and sophistication of later designs, it demonstrated the value of air-delivered torpedoes and multi-role maritime bombers. Its contributions laid the foundation for future developments in naval air strategy, proving that sea-based air power would become a decisive factor in future conflicts.